Essay on The 3D Printer - 1566 Words

Project description The 3D printer is quickly beginning to revolutionise the way people can become their own engineer. 3D printing is a quick and convenient way to create prototypes and models, as well as building replacement parts and new creations out of ABS plastic. The UP Plus 2, made by 3D Printing Systems, is the new and improved version of the previous model, the UP Plus. Made in 2013, it was to be completely redesigned and be made faster, more accurate and easier to use for the consumer in comparison to the original. The 3D printer is an example of a combination of mechanical and electrical engineering, which are my disciplines of interest. I have used a 3D printer quite a lot, and I find that it is so useful for making little†¦show more content†¦Mechanical engineering can lead onto administration or maintenance work later on in a career. Electrical and electronics engineering Electrical engineering is quickly becoming an essential discipline for the manufacture of modern technology. Electrical engineers typically have been responsible for power supply and generation, whereas electronics engineers work on applying electricity to systems. Generally, these fields of engineering are fairly interchangeable. Electrical engineers help in manufacturing communication systems, handheld devices, such as mobile phones, and vehicles. They design, test and oversee the construction of electrical equipment. Safety and sustainability issues The Up Plus 2 3D printer is designed in such a way that it is more efficient in movement and power usage. The ABS plastic that is prints with could be reheated and melted in order to recycle it. As it prints a model, it creates its own support to hold parts of the model that would otherwise be suspended in the air. The amount of plastic used in supports is less than the original Up Plus. The model itself can also be printed out hollow or less dense than the outer layer to decrease the amount of plastic used. Parts of the printer itself can actually be printed out. The printer comes with files that have scaled 3D drawings ready to print, should a part need replacing. While printing, the board whereShow MoreRelated3d Printer Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pages3D Printer With Dad The day finally came, I walked over to my front door and excitement filled my face as I saw a big brown box sitting on my porch. I screamed, â€Å"Dad Guess what!† â€Å"What,† my Dad screamed, I screamed again, â€Å"The 3D printer came.† As I open the front door, the alarm system screams, â€Å"Front Door,† I run outside and grab the package and run back inside. At this moment I was literally going to scream just out of excitement because the printer finally came. I ran to the junk drawer tryingRead MoreProsthetic 3D Printers876 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the solutions that Pro-sthetic Printers developed is a glove functioning as a prosthetic hand with a rechargeable source located in a â€Å"watch† compartment. There will be a number pad on the top of the hand, used to control the motions of the fingers. Each joint will have a number assigned to it, as seen in Figures 1 and 2. The numbers can be pressed in specific sequences to trigger specific types of motion along the joints and grips. The grip can then be released by pressing a cancel buttonRead More3d Printer Essay702 Words   |  3 PagesThe Five Best 3D P rinters of 2017 For Beginners ¬ Unless you’ve been living under a rock for the past 5 years or so, then you’ve probably heard of 3D printing and the wonders it can create. The technological world has become tired of printing boring, two-dimensional documents. Thanks to its exhaustion of the two-dimensional, the wonderful world of technology has spewed out the concept of printing physical products based on digital models, with the help of its cruder, ‘80s predecessor, stereolithographyRead MoreAre 3d Printers Viable?1441 Words   |  6 PagesReed Chen G Biology Dr. Smith 4/23/16 Are 3D Printers Viable in Biotechnology? 3D printing has come a long way since 1983, when Chuck Hull invented the first STL 3D printer.1 Commercial 3D printers can now be found in many homes and business around the world. Anyone can now create a design, and see that design turn into a physical object in a few hours. Due to their low cost compared to commercial machines, they are rising in popularity. They have many applications, especially in prototyping andRead MoreMarketing Design Of A 3d Printer1127 Words   |  5 PagesINNOVATION 1 Brand Innovation Romain Debecq Regent’s College 3D Printing food BRAND INNOVATION 2 Brand innovation is the process of realizing a new or improved product. Innovation could be motivated by several factors e.g. consumer preference, need for improvements in the old products, need to incorporate new functionality in existing brand etc. This paper discusses innovative design of a 3D printer that can print food. Inspiring Innovators of 3D Printers Cockrell School of Engineering (2014) of the UniversityRead MoreThe Impact Of Consumer 3d Printer Ownership1090 Words   |  5 Pagesunemployment (Brynjolfsson McAfee 2014). In a recent article in THE ECONOMIST 3D printing has been described as a bridge to the future and the innovation that will change the world. It is expected that sales will grow to $3.7 billion in 2016 and by 2019 the industry will be worth $6 billion (Kietzmann, Pitt Berthon 2015). In this question I am going to focus on the economical impact of consumer 3D printer ownership. 3D printing allows the individual to print goods on demand or just in time. By theRead MoreFuture Availability of 3D Printers and Its Effects1977 Words   |  8 Pageshoushold has a 2D printer. This paper will talk about the 3D printer, and how it has saved lives, made lives easier, allowed people create amazing objects with the printer, made production faster and cheaper, and how the printer will revolutionize the world as we know it. The 3D printer goes back to 1976, around the time that the Inkjet printer was invinted. Charles Hull changed everything by making the first commercial 3D printer. He offered it for sale through his company 3D Sytems in 1986. TheRead MoreRecommendation Of A Micro 3d Printer Project1633 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Micro 3D printer project The Micro 3D printer is the most affordable, simple to use, fast and reliable 3D printer ever. It is an excellent technology. This document will give you an insight on: †¢ Overview of the Micro 3D printer †¢ Technical details of the Micro 3D printer †¢ The usage and market value of the printer Overview of the Micro 3D printer The M3D is an upcoming project which releases in early 2015. The project has 12,000 backers so far and is the largest 3D Kickstarter ever. 3D printingRead MoreDigital Curriculum Vs. 3d Printers977 Words   |  4 Pages Ipads. iPods. Chromebooks. Smartphones. Smartboards. Tablets. Laptops. 3D Printers. Technology. When asked about the importance of technology in education today, I realize that the question is extremely broad and evasive. And at the same time, I understand that the question is an important one. Technology is a set of tools for school staff, but it is only a set of tools. Some forms of technology can assist a great teacher to be even better, but will not necessarily help a bad teacher be goodRead MoreThe Impact of 3D Printers on the Field of Industrial Design1140 Words   |  5 PagesFYW: Future of Writing The Impact of 3D Printers on the Field of Industrial Design With the growth of computers comes an increase in viable manufacturing techniques. Programs such as Autocad, Solidworks, and Sketchup, allow the creation of complex models and aid in producing files which 3D printers operate with. Within the past several years the pricing models of computer aided design, or CAD, software as a whole has changed in a way which lets students to operate these programs non-commercially

Essay on Book Review of School Leadership that Works by...

Change is a double-edged sword (Fullan, 2001). Change is a word that might inspire or put fear into people. Leadership is challenging when it comes to dealing with change and how individuals react within the organization to the change. Marzano, McNulty, and Waters (2005) discuss two orders of change in their book School Leadership that Works; first and second. Fullan (2001) also adds to the discussion in his book Leading in a Culture of Change, with regard to understanding change. In Change Leadership, Keagan and Wagner (2006) discuss many factors of change and the systematic approach to change. Change affects people in different ways. Leaders need to be able to respond to the individuals throughout the change process. School†¦show more content†¦Each change order incorporates the responsibilities of a leader into the change process. Marzano, McNulty and Waters propose five steps for a plan of effective school leadership. The first step is developing a leadership team with purpose. The definition used for a purposeful community is one with the collective efficacy and capability to develop and use assets to accomplish goals that mater to all community members through agreed-upon process (Marzano, et. al, 2005). The second step is distributing some responsibilities throughout the leadership team. The third step is to select the right work. The fourth step is to identify the order of magnitude implied by the selected work. The last step is to match the management style to the order of magnitude of the change initiative. The last step incorporates whether this is first or second order change. First order change is incremental change, fine-tunes the system through a series of small steps that do not depart radically from the past (Marzano 2005). First order change is the day to day operation of a school. Some characteristics of first-order change are the following: 1) Is perceived as an extension of the past; 2) Fits within existing paradigms; 3) Is consistent with prevailing values and norms; 4) Can be implemented with existing knowledge and skills; 5) Requires resources currently available to those responsible for implementing the innovation; and 6) May beShow MoreRelatedSchool Leadership That Works Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesIn School Leadership that Works, Marzano, Waters, and McNulty discuss their findings of 69 studies on the effects of school leadership on student achievement. Additionally, they share the survey results of over 650 building principals. Based on these findings, they have developed a list of 21 leadership responsibilities, along with a five-point plan that will affect student achievement. Finally, they present a first order and second order of change sequence to facilitate student success. Marzano, aRead MoreDifferent Methods of Teaching Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesand Bergmann 16). Before the traditional classroom, most of class time was spent on learning the new content instead of practicing it. Jonathan Bergmann’s school runs on a block schedule, so class periods are ninety minutes long. The first twenty five minutes of the class were spent in various review activities, including a warm up and review of the previous homework. Up to half of the class could be spent on lecturing new material. Only about a third of the class period was available for studentsRead MoreVision of Leadership Philosophy Essay606 Words   |  3 PagesVision of Leadership From research we see that there are many qualities that people value in leaders. Some of these qualities include: having high standards, supportive, inquisitive, involved, honest and having integrity. When I think about leadership I think of a person who is self-aware and always striving for improvement. To be a good leader you need to know how your personal biases may impact decision making in various situations. Bias or values can effect how you interact with those you comeRead MoreThe Importance Of Teacher Leadership And Empowerment983 Words   |  4 Pages. What is teacher leadership and empowerment and why should it be promote in schools? Teacher leadership is defined as â€Å"teachers who aspire to stretch beyond their classrooms to engage in leadership roles that take many shapes and forms, both â€Å"informal and formal†. (ECS, 2010). The teacher leadership role is also described as â€Å"the process by which teachers, individually and collectively, influence their colleagues, principals, and other members of the school community to improve learning practicesRead MoreSchool Leadership that Works Essay2479 Words   |  10 PagesLeadership involves a set of learnable experiences. Exceptional leaders are exceptional learners. This essay reviews some of the current literature related to effective leadership in education with a special focus on Marzano’s research on leadership â€Å"that works† (2005). Most definitions of leadership involve four elements including process – a transaction between leader and followers, context – usually a group with a common purpose, influence – affect on group, and goal attainment – direction ofRead MoreTeacher Motivation6898 Words   |  28 PagesResearch Proposal Presented to the Gaduate School of UEW For the award of Mphil Educational leadership Teacher Motivation and Student Achievement in Senior High School By: Gordon Gyasi Yeboah Jnr Teacher Motivation and Student Achievement Senior High School Students ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 2011 Dissertation Author: Stephanie S Hayden Abstract: Motivation has been used to encourage teachers as well as students themselves to increase students academicRead MoreASSESSING LEARNERS IN LIFELONG LEARNING7015 Words   |  29 Pagesï » ¿ Learning Outcome Be able to conduct and record assessments in accordance with internal and external processes and requirements 2.1 Review the assessment requirements and related procedures of learning programmes (AQA. 2012).Assessment is the process by which a learner’s skills and knowledge are reviewed in order to evaluate what they have learnt or in the case of NVQs, how they are performing against the competencies they are required to demonstrate. I see classroomRead MoreFactors Related to Students Performance in Nat13438 Words   |  54 PagesStudy The National Achievement Test (NAT) is an examination given annually to assess the competency of both public and private school students. The students’ knowledge and skills are tested in the subjects of Mathematics, English, Science, Filipino, and HEKASI for grade school and Mathematics, English, Science, Filipino, and Araling Panlipunan for high school. The test is administered by the Department of Educations National Education Testing and Research Center (NETRC). The results are intended

Arthur Miller was born on October 17th, 1915, in New York City Essay Example For Students

Arthur Miller was born on October 17th, 1915, in New York City Essay Arthur Miller was born on October 17th, 1915, in New York City. His parents were both immigrants into the United States. The family lived in prosperity due to the success of his fathers clothing manufacturing business, but this soon collapsed along with the American economy as a whole. Miller worked as a warehouse man in order to save up fees so that he was able to attend Michigan University in 1934 to study Economics and History alongside a course of play writing. Miller wrote in the style of Greek tragedy. Miller chose to follow the Greek myths as in his play he had two acts. In the first act the finding of the problem is viewed and in the second act the possible outcomes are predicted. In Greek tragedy there is always a chorus, a voice which fills in what does not happen on stage; Alfieri was the chorus as he narrated the play. Miller chose Eddie to die as all along in the play Alfieri gave speeches about tragic events about to happen. Alfieri had predicted eddies destiny to be hurtful and eddies ending was death. In Greek tragedy the hero is usually responsible for their own downfall. Eddie chose to ignore Alfieris advice and Eddie chose to fight with Marco. Eddie causes his own downfall by preventing Rodolfo and Catherines marriage. The play is set in the shadow of Brooklyn Bridge and is about a whole community not only the Carbone family. Millers personal and political views are revealed with great clarity and considering the background to A View from the Bridge all his thoughts unravel into sharp focus. In this play tragedy is conveyed in several different forms. Many of them disrupting and deceiving. The sense of tragedy conveyed in this play:- envy, love, death, tension, frustration, folk lore, guilt, law,guilt, trust, tradition, culture, betrayal, denial, jealousy, hatred and protectiveness. A view, two links, Alfieri the lawyer has an overview of the whole play. He is aware of the wrongs and rights involved. As he narrates and takes us through the play, he reveals the life of illegal immigrants as they take a new step of life into America. Coming from a Sicilian background they have crossed many bridges i. e. culture, tradition, relationships, folk lore and love. Already Miller has showed us that his parents have crossed these bridges. The question is where to? Reading the play I felt that the main character on the bridge and not knowing which way to turn was Beatrice. She knew that her husband Eddie was in love with her niece Catherine, and Catherine was in love with Rodolpho one of the illegal immigrants. She is on this bridge as there are two endings possible in this huge clichÃÆ' ©. Rodolpho a young attractive man with light blond hair or Catherine has a choice of Eddie an old overweight weak man. All along Catherine is has dealt with Edie being overprotective naÃÆ' ¯ve and unfair. The bridge also represents old life and new life. Eddies life ends in death as he chose the wrong path. All along he feels that he has the right over Catherine where according to her and the law he does not. His wise and fair lawyer and friend advices him on adapting to the American law and Italian culture; that Catherine has the choice who she will marry and as a husband already even thinking like this was going towards the opposite side of the bridge. Catherine has the choice and chooses to cross the bridge to a brighter future with someone she loves trusts and with whom she can have a wider variety of opportunities and chances. When Alfieri has a personalized conversation with Eddie, he is not only advising him as a friend but through the legal system as well. Eddie was very angry and devastated when he realized that Catherine loved Rodolpho and not him. The hidden love he had for Catherine soon turned into obsessivenes and anger over her freedom. Alfieri states that Eddie was a good man. It shows that Alfieri understood how Eddie was feeling; his emotions and that Eddies thoughts were not functioning in a responsible way. Alfieri introduces himself by saying to meet a lawyer or a priest on the street is unlucky. Exploring The Character of Gertrude Lady Hamlet EssayAlfieri sums up his advice by simply telling Eddie let her go. He complies this in such a way that Eddie knows Alfieri is right but his emotions once again overcome his thinking. His eyes were like tunnels, my first thought was that he had committed a crime , stating his thoughts carefully Alfieri shows us the readers that eddies image was pain full. Alfieri felt that he could help, he could see through him, he knew Eddie was going to do wrong he just wanted to help. Further on in the play Alfieri speaks of a mans routine, a man works, raises his family, goes bowling, eats, gets old and then dies. This sounds tragic, but reading the play I realized that Millers use of language is toning and descriptive. Eddie Carbone spent his days, in this manor. Through out the play Alfieri conveys his thoughts which lead to predictions which are precisely accurate. Destiny plays a huge part in this play. At the beginning and end Alfieri makes powerful speeches. He focuss on the Carbone Family, and through his speeches predicts what will happen in the future. He predicts that Eddies destiny is death an unhappy, dangerous and cruel death. Marco the brother of Rodolpho feels that Eddie has stole from his family and mocked his world. Miller chooses to make Marco angry as Marco was usually the quite one and never complained even when he saw the way Rodolpho was being treated. He degraded my brother. My blood. He robbed my children, he mocks my work. I work to come here mister! The tragedy in this is that Marco is heart broken over the disappointment brought to his blood and family. At the opening of the play Alfieri talks about the odds of being a lawyer in America, in a community of Sicilians behind that suspicious little nod of theirs lie three thousand years of distrust . A lawyer means law, and in Sicily, from where their fathers came, the law has not been a friendly ideaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. This point of his speech suggested that Sicilian culture and tradition plays a major part in the community. Its shows that what the parents did not and said had an effect on the upbringing of the child, it stays with the person as an honor and discipline. The last t paragraph hit my thoughts with a huge impact. Now we settle for half. Half is the midpoint of a whole. Eddie could not gain what he wanted to happen fully but he thought by doing what he did he would have achieved something. Alfieri knew that Eddies feelings were immense and had warned Eddie to keep them in control. His death useless His death had no moral meaning behind it. It was an accident waiting to happen. He allowed himself to be wholly known and for that I will love him Alfieri living and working in the community new that Eddie was an open man with everyone. The only thing he hid was his feelings. Miller chooses to let Alfieri give this speech as he as a narrator and lawyer knew both his problems lawfully and morally.

Online Marketing of Heritage Visitor Attractions in Malta

Introduction Heritage Visitor Attractions (HVAs) comprise the most vital part of the tourism industry. This is because they attract many tourists, and there is a lot of revenue created by the sites (Garrod Wanhill, 2012). Malta is located at the center of the Mediterranean. The heritage of Malta tourism is dated 7000 years. These pre-historic sites feature amongst the world heritage sites (UNESCO, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Online Marketing of Heritage Visitor Attractions in Malta specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, Malta tourism industry requires much promotion/marketing locally and abroad. In this respect, more attention and efforts have been devoted to the use of media to promote the site. For example, the use of the internet to promote the site has been applied in the recent past. The use of online marketing in heritage visitor/tourist attractions has fuelled enormous growth in the touri sm industry (Leask Yeoman, 2002). Online marketing has become a crucial means for promoting tourists destinations and services. Internet has been enhancing the ways in which consumers make their travel arrangements (Dholakia, Dholakia, Fritz Mundorf, 2002). The increasing use of the internet by consumers expands the possibility of having information about different products and purchasing of the products, as well. Online social networks have also provided platforms where tourists share experiences about the places they have travelled. The internet is mostly preferred by travelers/visitors because it is easy to access, use, saves time and it is economical. By mid 2012, there were close to about 518,512,109 internet users in Europe which represented 63.5 per cent of the entire European population and 21.6 per cent of the world’s internet users (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2012). As noted in the Internet World Stats, Germany, Italy, UK, France and Russia were amongst the Europe an countries with large numbers of the internet users (Miniwatts Marketing Group, 2012). On the other hand, the internet is employed to learn the prices of various destinations based on flight and accommodation rates. Malta, a small country in Europe, has a wide range of heritage tourist attractions mostly popular in the world. In addition, it is widely acknowledged for embracing online marketing in its tourism industry. The number of internet users in Malta’s tourism market has been rising each year since 2000 and 2010 recorded 59.2 per cent of the internet users.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As portrayed in a survey by Malta’s National Statistics Office (2011) about internet usage in households and enterprises in 2010, 55.8 per cent represented internet users related to travel planning. Hotel accommodation stood third amongst the items commonly sought onl ine by 29.8% which was an increment of 4% compared with the 2009 figure (Malta National Statistics Office 2011). This research will use a deductive approach where both qualitative and quantitative research methods will be used. It will be based on primary as well as secondary data. Primary data will be collected from various selected HVAs through semi-structured interview and quantitative self-completion surveys. The semi-structured interviews will target the management personnel of the selected HVAs. On the other hand, quantitative self-completed surveys will target the visitors. This research will assess online marketing framework in Malta’s tourism industry in the context of its heritage visitor attractions. The study will display a comprehensive stand about the connection online marketing has on the tourist travel/visits to heritage sites in Malta. This research will assess the use of online marketing in Malta since 1996. In addition, the research will uncover the Heritag e Visitor Attractions in Malta. The result of this research will offer a clear understanding about online marketing of HVAs in Malta. Aim and Objectives This research will aim to assess the use of online marketing of Heritage Visitor Attractions in Malta. The following questions underpin the research on this subject: What ways has online marketing impacted tourism sector in Malta on the basis of HVAs.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Online Marketing of Heritage Visitor Attractions in Malta specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the specific objectives of this research will be: To conduct a comprehensive review of existing literature in relation to the online marketing of heritage visitor attractions To identify the current supply and demand for heritage visitor attractions in Malta To establish the current use of online marketing by heritage visitor attractions in Malta To investigate the relationship bet ween the use of online marketing and visitors to Maltese heritage visitor attractions To draw conclusions and recommendations on the future use of online marketing in the management of Maltese heritage visitor attractions. The objectives of this research are established in a manner that they support the logical flow of the research. The literature of this will be instrumental in identifying the contemporary issues relating to online marketing of Heritage Visitors Attractions. This will assist in providing a clear guideline for this research by focusing on the influences, trends and factors applying to online marketing of Heritage Visitors Attractions. Key Literature Review Significance and scope of the research There are minimal studies that have been carried about online marketing strategies of Malta’s Heritage Tourist Visitor Attractions. The majority of the studies has concentrated on the impact of marketing on Malta’s heritage visitor attractions. Amongst them is Farrugia’s (2006) study which overlooked on the influence of the sustainable tourism marketing on Malta’s Heritage Visitor Sites. Her study aimed to identify ways in which tourism marketing of Maltese heritage sites could be achieved. The outcome of her study showed several emergent factors which could lead to successful tourism market in Malta. Majority of factors emphasized on the enhancing the marketing strategies to incorporate more communication, networking and partnerships with the heritage organizations and the visitors both local and international. On the part of local visitors, this would integrate the sense of ownership which would otherwise promote protection of the heritage sites for their own benefit and others. However, this study did not indicate how these factors are to be incorporated in marketing. Online marketing can be instrumental in ensuring communication, networking and partnership. This research will aim to assess online marketing of Maltaâ€⠄¢s heritage visitor attractions. Key Words Online Marketing, Heritage Visitor AttractionsAdvertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Literature Heritage Visitor Attraction is a crucial element of tourist products that determine the choices that visitors/tourists make to visit a certain destination over the other (Leask Yeoman, 2002). It is the most important component amongst the three basic components of tourist products. Malta, despite being a small country, it is well known worldwide due to its vast HVAs ranging from the archaeological and historical sites to natural sites. Valletta, the historical Malta’s capital, is one of the earliest most renowned HVA sites listed among the World’s Heritage by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-UNESCO (UNESCO 2009; World Tourist Attractions 2011). This is a thriving visitor attraction that is in the culture and heritage of various national buildings, monuments, artifacts and many more. Megalithic Temples (Ggantija, Hagar Qim, Tarxien and Mnajdra) and Hal Saflieni Hypogeum, a subterranean neolithic structure are the other great U NESCO World Heritage Sites-WHS in Malta (Leask Fyall 2012). WHS are attractions of high profile and they are usually designated as iconic and unique (Leask Yeoman, 2002). Most often, they are owned by the government thus they are very significant in the national tourism industry. In addition, WHS/HVAs have other features which include quality, authenticity, activity options and drawing power (Leask Yeoman 2002). Relative to the quality, HVAs are of high quality as they provide a pleasant and clean environment, smooth tourist oriented procedures and operations, security and friendly hospitality. The majority of visitors concentrates on the sites, buildings and facilities offered by the HVAs while making their travel decisions. Besides this is very important to also consider the activities which keep the visitors busy and enjoying. Good HVAs should provide varied and changing options of activities to the visitors. Lastly about the drawing power, this is measured by the potential num ber of visitors visiting a particular destination and their likelihood of visiting the destination again. WHS is endorsed by high drawing power. On top of this, WHS/HVAs are the primary visitor attractions. This is attributed to the fact that they highly influence visitors’ decisions regarding where to visit. Apart from the WHS mentioned above, Malta has another enormous heritage tourist attractions like Mdina, Gozo Islands, Sunny and Sandy beaches and Mediterranean hotels for dining and nightlife amongst others. Another important attraction site for tourists in Malta is the diving activity in the Mediterranean Sea around the Maltese islands (Leask Fyall 2012). Therefore, the marketing of such destinations that are most preferred by visitors is very essential in the tourism industry (Fyall Garrod 2005). Online marketing has inspired the growth of the tourism industry by enhancing consumers’ exploration of attractive destinations back from the comforts of their homes in order to reach an informed decision prior to their visitations. In addition, the internet has enabled visitors to scrutinize the HVAs, check weather conditions as well as communicate with other visitors over the world regarding their experience for a particular chosen destination. Online marketing is the promotion of tourist products or services using the internet. There are various forms of promoting tourist products or services through the internet. This includes designing of company’s websites, social media networks, mobile phones and many other interactive media. Therefore, online marketing of heritage visitor attractions is successful online communication with the potential visitors and convincing them that you are offering tourist products or services that they require or will benefit from better than others. The Malta Tourism Authority (MTA) embraced the use of internet in marketing tourist products back in 1996 when it’s first online tourist marketing websit e was launched. By this time, the internet was in its infancy and has not well established globally. Over the years, online marketing of Malta’s HVAs was mainly based on the visitmalta.com website, that has since then been redesigned and re-launched severally, corporate website amongst other special interest online sites. With the introduction of Web 2.0, social networking took center stage in online marketing in tourism and other sectors. In this respect, MTA developed its official pages on the most renowned Web 2.0 sites including social media networks like Facebook and Twitter, YouTube, Flickr, blogs, video sharing websites and so forth (Debattista 2011). These social networks are more influential to young travelers, 18 to 24 years old (Debattista 2011). Moreover, MTA established multi-lingual e-newsletters which are sent to the ever-growing consumers’ database in every 2 months to keep in touch and enlighten them about the HVAs events and aspects which are of inter est. Furthermore, MTA launched applications for mobile phones and iPads, Apple iPhone Smartphone and Apple iPad tablet respectively. One of the applications is a mobile destination guide written in English, Italian and German whereas the other focuses on Malta’s cultural offers. On the other hand, MTA initiated a text to speech feature on the visitmalta.com site to enable consumers with reading problems or visual impairments to access information in the form of a speech. Because of the rapid changes in the technology, Malta’s tourism industry initiated redesigning of the visitmalta.com portal in 2011 to accommodate these technologies like the geographical information system (Debattista 2011). As of 2011, Expedia.com, one amongst the most known global travel websites, awarded the MTA as the Best Partner Innovator because of its marketing strategies. Indeed, Malta was the first Mediterranean country to receive such an honor due its efforts in online marketing in the wide ly diversifying tourism industry. The United Kingdom is one of the potential markets for Malta’s tourism. The UK tourists were the first to adopt online travel services in Europe. And as earlier mentioned, Europe consists of a huge percentage of internet users. This prompted Malta to change and adopt online marketing services offered by Expedia.com and other online travel agencies to enhance its tourism sector. The European countries, UK, Italy, Germany and France have been the five potential source markets for Malta’s HVAs. To 2010, visitors from UK amounted to 415, 120, Italy, 214, 259, Germany, 126, 097 and France, 86, 475 (Debattista 2011). Expedia enabled Malta tourism sector to implement online distribution with its HVAs which boosted its sales. A substantial number of visitors employ the internet in their research about holidays, making travel arrangements, booking and paying. Malta’s partnership with Expedia has contributed to the major benefits of its t ourism industry. In 2011, Malta was able to offer more accommodation to visitors thus making more profits, even during crisis time. The average profit rate on daily basis rose by 5 per cent compared to that of 2010. Additionally, the number of independent visitors increased steadily by about 46 per cent. This relationship also influenced rapid changes in the Maltese tourism sector like opening of more new routes, emphasized growth of internet marketing, establishment of cheap carriers and strategies to lure young, affluent and most adventurous tourists with shorter holidays but massive travels especially during the off-peak periods. In regards to the carriers, reducing of the carrier traffic and cost increased the number of visitors in Malta. To ensure the progress in online marketing in Malta is maintained and enhanced, Expedia offers education to Malta’s tourism industry (Debattista 2011). Additionally, Expedia also awarded Malta’s hotel, the Juliani, back in 2009, w hich was ranked 11th in Europe and 29th globally. By that time, close to about 85, 000 hotels in the world had registered with Expedia. The Expedia World Heritage Insider list featured only one percent of hotels. Five of the Maltese hotels had made it to the list, however, Juliani hotel was the fortunate to be awarded. Because of this impact of online marketing in Malta’s HVAs, the MTA had proposed to invest â‚ ¬800,000 in online marketing in 2009 (Timesofmalta.com 2009). The year 2006 saw the entrance of Izzicarhire.com, an online car rental service, in the Maltese tourism market. The online firm linked the companies dealing with car rental with tourists. The company offered the suppliers the opportunity to access and compare the rates. Customers could also book thee rental cars. This was a great boost to Malta’s HVAs leading to a convenient and comprehensive service to its visitors. This service is connected with Malta’s International Airport (Izzicarhire.c om 2012). Malta has gone a long way with its carrier system, main airline-Air Malta. Major changes and improvements have been incorporated in its online marketing strategies. Recently, this international Malta airline launched its new interactive website that mostly targeted tourists. This was to supplement its old website which had been in place for 14 years. This site is followed by millions of visitors annually. It has been the most known sites in Malta and Europe at large. The enhanced new site will offer more features and information pertaining to flights, weather conditions and services like live destinations and terminal maps. In touring Malta heritage attractions. Additionally, the new site was set to increase the traffic of checking both the incoming and outgoing flights and surveying of Malta’s weather condition. This has helped more visitors to plan their travel arrangements mostly for leisure. The Malta tourism industry has also introduced a new online media libra ry, viewingmalta.com, where the majority of up to date photo and video collections about Maltese HVAs are being posted. This online library is subdivided into three, Malta Islands, Gozo and Comino. In regards to the Malta Islands sector, images reflecting the Malta’s heritage, culture and diversity are posted. On top of this Malta tourism industry has embraced the TripAdvisor.com, a more comprehensive social network to connect with visitors and collect information about the strongholds and weaknesses of various HVAs in order to improve the performance of these destinations. This is attributed to the fact that understanding visitors’ preferences, opinions, and perceptions about the HVAs is the starting point of developing a more effective online marketing (Fedele 2012). The majority of visitors relies on the internet to access information and services about HVAs by frequently seeking assistance or suggestions from visitors who have previously visited the destinations. R ecent studies have concurred with this that visitors/tourist prior to choosing or visiting a destination, they prefer to seek recommendations from touring with the experience of such HVAs. For this reason they check more for online comments, opinions and preferences to help them reach a sound decision. Utmost all people leave alone tourist tend to believe a word of mouth from people of their status say other tourists rather than advice from experts. MTA is utilizing the information contained in such online comments and feedbacks from visitors, user generated content, to enhance the online of their HVAs. Data collected from TripAdvissor.com is transferred to other sister websites whilst translated in the respective language of the targeted visitors. Malta tourism industry mostly translates UGC in five different languages namely English, German, Italian, Spanish and French. The above languages represent Malta’s primary HVAs markets (Fedele 2012). Research Approach This research will rely on both primary and secondary data. Primary data will be available from questionnaires whereas secondary data will be obtained from textbooks, journal articles, newspaper articles, international sources like UNESCO and ETC, government sources, internet sources and websites. Relative to the qualitative method, it will be used to overlook the outcomes of the research hypothesis and also to develop further study to test and support the research. In regards to the quantitative approach, customer questionnaires will the primary tool of research. The design approach will be carried through an explanatory approach. Here, the variables involved in the research, online marketing and heritage visitor attractions will be related. Questionnaires are most preferred in research because they eliminate biases and partiality in data collection due to interviewer absence and questions delivery. However, the questionnaires require being more defined and precise before data collection. The q uestionnaires will purpose to assess online marketing of Malta’s HVAs. The validity and reliability of the data to be collected together with response rate will rely largely on the questions design, questionnaire structure and efforts applied in pilot testing (Conradi Wang, 2003). As far as data validity is concerned, the research questions must be carefully defined based on the literature reviewed, where appropriate discussions may be encouraged in the pilot phase. This will be directed to ensure the questionnaires cover the investigative research questions adequately to the extent that the questions will measure the constraints required deeply and appropriately. On the other hand, reliability enhances robustness of the questionnaire in respect to production of consistent results based on different conditions or timing. Reliability can be determined using several methods like the test-retest and split half methods. Nevertheless, development of the questionnaire determines t he reliability method to be adopted. An online questionnaire will be used for this research due to the limited number of direct visitors. The sample will consist of all the people visiting online tourist sites in a given time. The sampling will be done by taking samples of people in cyber cafes. Besides the number limitation online questionnaires will target a wide variety of tourists from different countries as well as save a lot of time. Furthermore, the questionnaires will be simplified and based on a closed format. This is will aim to enhance the response rate and time management. Open question format consumes more time because of the coding process, hence delaying the response. Rating scales like the Likert scale will be used to rate the questions in order to obtain data of varied attributes depending the question statement. Processing and analysis of the data collected will employ the use of statistical tools and software like the Microsoft excel. Such software’s will e nable input and coding of data in the correct layout where both the categorical and numerical data can be processed and presented using the appropriate formats like charts, tables, graphs and so forth. Further support the research questions based on the questionnaire and facilitate data analysis, qualitative interviews will be taken based on the managers of the respective online questionnaire services. The interview will be self administered based on the questions developed from the outcomes of respondent questionnaires and the research literature as well. Unlike the previous questionnaire format, this will take an open format to ensure the respondents provide extensive information which may be of help in obtaining various facts. This interview will be complemented through recording to eliminate information biases that may arise during or after the interview. These results will be coded and interrelated with the previous data submitted these online services. Finally, comparison of p rimary and secondary data will be examined to identify the trends and the relationship of the variables of research. This will be done by comparing and contrasting various theories. The primary research will provide the actual data collected from the field. Secondary data will provide previous theories (Shaffer, 2009). On the part of ethical Issues, this research will uphold accuracy and privacy of the data collected more so in collection of primary data. Research Plan Organization of the research This primary research will be assembled in the following manner; Chapter One It entails the introduction and background information regarding the variables of this study, online marketing and heritage visitor attractions. Definition of the variable used in the research will be explained in this section. The chapter will also contain the objectives of the study. The research questions will also be provided. The rationale of the research will be explained in this chapter. In addition, the hy pothesis of the research will be developed in this chapter. Chapter Two It uncovers the theoretical as well as the empirical literature about these two variables of the study. The literature review will explore various concepts and ideas developed various authors. The literature will be linked, and differences in ideas will be identified. In addition, a theoretical model will be developed. The model will contain the variables used in the research, and it will identify the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. Therefore, theoretical model will be a summary of the concepts and ideas in the research paper. Chapter Three It presents the research methods, variables definition and data description. The chapter will explore the various methodological tools applied during the research. As such, the data collection process will be explained. The population will be explained. Additionally, the sample will be developed from the population. The various aspects and charac teristics of the sample will be explored. Chapter Four It provides the outcome coverage, estimation, analysis, discussion and formulate the required recommendations. Statistical knowledge will be applied in explaining the chapter. The findings obtained in the research will be examined, and appropriate conclusions drawn from the findings. The level of significance of the statistical data collected will be explored. An interpretation of the statistical data will be provided so that a link can be created between the statistical data and the real life scenario. Therefore, this chapter will develop appropriate models and characteristics of the sample. An inference to the sample will be made so that the characteristics of the population can be developed. Project Plan The planning and preparation of this research starting with simple tasks to the difficult ones is of much significance. The Ganttt chart will provide an effective approach to plan as well as track this research. In addition, the chart will assist in the identification of tasks in accordance to their urgency to ensure the research is carried out effectively and systematically within the stipulated schedule. The formulation of the research aims and objectives, establishing of the literature for the research and selecting the research method took place from mid October until the end of October. References List Conradi, R. Wang, A. I. 2003, Empirical methods and studies in software engineering: Experiences from ESERNET, etc.: SpringerLink host, Berlin. Debattista, M. 2011, Maltese tourism increasingly dependent on internet sales, The Times. Web. Dholakia, R. R., Dholakia, N., Fritz, W., Mundorf, N. 2002, Global e-commerce and online marketing: Watching the evolution, , Conn u.a.: Quorum Books, Westport. Fedele, S. 2012, Destination Marketing: Why do tourists like a destination? Web. Ferrugia, J. 2006, Medical tourism-what prospects? The Times (Malta). Fyall, A., Garrod, B. 2005, Tourism marketing: A coll aborative approach. Channel View Publications, Buffalo. Garrod, B. Wanhill, S 2012, Managing Visitor Attractions. Routledge, New York. IZZICarHire.com 2012, Car Hire Malta International Airport. Web. Karpati, T. H. 2008, Management of world heritage sites: The management plan as an effective tool for the safeguarding of heritage, VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken. Leask, A. Fyall, A. 2012, Managing world heritage sites 2006. Taylor Francis, New Jersey. Leask, A. Yeoman, I. 2002, Heritage visitor attractions: An operations management perspective, Continuum, London. Miniwatts Marketing Group 2012, Internet World Stats: Usage and Population Statistics. Web. Shaffer, D. R. 2009, Social and personality development, Cengage Learning, Australia: Wadsworth. Timesofmalta.com 2009, Online marketing, bookings, crucial to tourism – de Marco, Times of Malta. Web. UNESCO 2012, World Heritage Sites: A Complete Guide to 936 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, Firefly Books Ltd, New Yor k. World Tourist Attractions 2011, Beautiful places in the world for vacation. Web. This report on Online Marketing of Heritage Visitor Attractions in Malta was written and submitted by user Felipe Nash to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

4 Key Models in Urban Geography That Explain Land Use

4 Key Models in Urban Geography That Explain Land Use Walk through most contemporary cities, and the mazes of concrete and steel can be some of the most intimidating and confusing places to visit. Buildings rise up dozens of stories from the street and spread for miles out of view. Despite how hectic cities and their surrounding areas can be, attempts at creating models of the way cities function have been made and analyzed to make our understanding of the urban environment richer. Concentric Zone Model One of the first models created for use by academics was the concentric zone model, developed in the 1920s by urban sociologist Ernest Burgess. What Burgess wanted to model was Chicagos spatial structure with regards to the usage of zones around the city. These zones radiated from Chicagos center, The Loop, and moved concentrically outward. In the example of Chicago, Burgess designated five different zones that had separate functions spatially. The first zone was The Loop, the second zone was the belt of factories that were directly outside of The Loop, the third zone included homes of laborers who worked in the factories, the fourth zone contained middle-class residences, and the fifth and final zone hugged the first four zones and contained the homes of the suburban upper class. Keep in mind that Burgess developed the zone during an industrial movement in America and these zones worked mainly for American cities at the time. Attempts at applying the model to European cities have failed, as many cities in Europe have their upper classes located centrally, whereas American cities have their upper classes mostly at the periphery. The five names for each zone in the concentric zone model are as follows: Central business district (CBD)Zone of transitionZone of independent workersZone of better residencesCommuters zone Hoyt Model Since the concentric zone model isnt applicable to many cities, some other academics attempted to further model the urban environment. One of these academics was Homer Hoyt, a land economist who was mostly interested in taking a look at rents within a city as a means of modeling the citys layout. The Hoyt model (also known as the sector model), which was developed in 1939, took into account the effect of transportation and communication on a citys growth. His thoughts were that rents could remain relatively consistent in certain slices of the model, from the downtown center all the way to the suburban fringe, giving the model a pie-like look. This model has been found to work especially well in British cities. Multiple-Nuclei Model A third well-known model is the multiple-nuclei model. This model was developed in 1945 by geographers Chauncy Harris and Edward Ullman to try and further describe a citys layout. Harris and Ullman made the argument that the citys downtown core (CBD) was losing its importance in relation to the rest of the city and should be seen less as the focal point of a city and instead as a nucleus within the metropolitan area. The automobile began to become increasingly important during this time, which made for greater movement of residents to the suburbs. Since this was taken into consideration, the multiple-nuclei model is a good fit for sprawling and expansive cities. The model itself contained nine differing sections that all had separate functions: Central business districtLight manufacturingLow-class residentialMiddle-class residentialUpper-class residentialHeavy manufacturingOutlying business districtResidential suburbIndustrial suburb These nuclei develop into independent areas because of their activities. For example, some economic activities that support one another (for instance, universities and bookstores) will create a nucleus. Other nuclei form because theyd be better off far from one another (e.g., airports and central business districts). Finally, other nuclei can develop from their economic specialization (think of shipping ports and railway centers). Urban-Realms Model As a means of improving upon the multiple nuclei model, geographer James E. Vance  Jr. proposed the urban-realms model in 1964. Using this model, Vance was able to look at San Franciscos urban ecology and summarize economic processes into a sturdy model. The model suggests that cities are made up of small realms, which are self-sufficient urban areas with independent focal points. The nature of these realms is examined through the lens of five criteria: The topological terrain of the area, including water barriers and mountainsThe size of the metropolis as a wholeThe amount and strength of the economic activity taking place within each of the realmsThe accessibility internally of each realm in regards to its major economic functionThe inter-accessibility across the individual suburban realms This model does a good job at explaining suburban growth and how certain functions that are normally found in the CBD can be moved to the suburbs (such as shopping malls, hospitals, schools, etc.). These functions diminish the importance of the CBD and instead create distant realms that accomplish approximately the same thing.

Free sample - Physiological Analysis as is used in Criminal Investigations. translation missing

Physiological Analysis as is used in Criminal Investigations. Physiological Analysis as is used in Criminal InvestigationsAbstract The rate of crime has been increasing at a very high rate in the society. In consistent with this, criminal investigation agencies have continued to research on the appropriate strategies to combat rising criminal activities in the society. Following this point, this research paper would focus on psychological/physiological analysis as is used in criminal investigations. The paper will begin by looking at how this analysis is used in criminal investigation activities, before moving on to the importance of this approach in investigation. Additionally, this research will look at the pro and cons of using psychological and physiological analysis in criminal investigation. The paper will also propose different recommendation on which areas need further development to enhance this method of criminal investigation. Introduction The 21st century remains as one of the periods in history which continues to enjoy the advances in technology and other innovations which have relatively improved the lifestyles of people across the globe. In line with this, the execution or rather accomplishments of different activities has been enhanced, with efficiency being put on top of the agenda. Nonetheless, this is also a period in history which continues to face different challenges which emanates from crime or rather criminal activities, not only in the United States but also across the globe. Notably, there has been an increase in crime rate in the United States and across the globe, on a local and international level. According to Polis?ensk, (2007), during the year 2005, the police documented 344060 criminal acts, a 2.2% decrease from the previous year and the lowest crime level since 1993 in the Czech Republic. Similar data has been collected in different parts of the globe. In addition to this, crime has also exhibite d evolution characteristics just the same way the society has evolved with the invention of new technologies. In line with this, the government of the United States in collaboration with other governments across the globe has been on the forefront to devise ways of dealing with crime in an effective way. Consequently, various ways of deterring crime in the society have been developed with a focus on how it can be reduced in the society. Following this, one of the ways of guaranteeing that crime is dealt with in an effective way is through investigation. Accordingly, crime or rather criminal investigation is one of the most important approaches towards solving crime puzzles and reducing its impact on the society. To be specific, there are different crime investigation approaches which have been developed over time to reverse the current crime trends in the society. More so, there has been a shift towards analysis and solving crime puzzles from a scientific point of view. Above and beyond, some of the scientific means which are currently utilized on the crime scene include the psychological and physiological analysis in criminal investigations. In reference to Vrij, Mann Fisher (2006), scientists, law enforcement agents and a host of other investigators have been attempting to develop better methods to discriminate between truth-tellers and liars (p.329). In consistent with this, it is important to mention that human behavior and how they respond to situations remains as the most important factors which could assist law enforcement agencies to gather and analyze vital evidence which could assist them to bring criminal culprits to book. Apart from looking at crime and trying to gather evidence on a crime which has already occurred, the psychological/physiological analysis as is applied to criminal investigations also focuses on the preventing future crimes in the society. In consistent with this, the criminal investigation department in the United States and in other countries across the globe has continued to develop its knowledge and skills in using psychological and physiological analysis in crime investigation. However, there are numerous limitations which would be identified in this research paper which relates to the use of psychological and physiological analysis in criminal investigations. One of the challenges of using this approach in criminal investigations regards the issue that there are limited studies which have been carried out on this subject. In reference to Polis?ensk (2007), despite the many improvements and the existence of institutions which relate to the area of crime research, no academic bodies exists whose sole purpose is to conduct research in the area of forensic disciplines, including forensic psychology in the Czech Republic and among most nations across the globe (p.60). This, among other limitations has contributed to t he lagging behind of this field as is applied to criminal investigations across the globe. The development of psychological and physiological analysis remains as one of the critical areas which are poised to transform not only the present criminal investigation tactics but also the future. Notably, this is one of the areas which are yet to be exploited fully by the law enforcement bodies in the United States and across the globe. Its development, which will rely more on thorough research and studies would require both the government and academic institutions to pull together their resources towards conducting further research and training professionals with a deeper understanding of psychological and physiological analysis processes. Furthermore, the involvement of the community would also be an important factor to be incorporated into this approach of criminal investigation. Tyler Fagan (2008) argues that research from social psychology demonstrates that one central reason that people cooperate generally is that they identify with their communities, linking their sense of self (identity) to the wellbeing of their group (p.236). Following this point, psychological and physiological analysis could also be utilized to gather important information from the community and as acquire important information which is needed in criminal investigation cases. Literature Review There are many researches which have been carried out in the past which relates to psychological and physiological analysis and crime investigation in the society. To begin with Vrij, Mann Fisher (2006), examined or rather tested the Behavior Analysis Interview (BAI), an interview technique which was developed by F.E. Inbau, J.E. Reid, J.P. Buckley, B.C. Jayne (2001) designed to evoke different verbal and non-verbal responses from liars and truth-tellers (p.329). This research found out that liars were more inclined towards portraying a more honest appearance as compared to those who told the truth. In other words, liars tried as much as possible to control their psychological appearance in order to look as honest as possible. In consistent with this, the law enforcement officers must be able to differentiate such phenomenon between truth-tellers and liars as a way of ascertaining whether they were on the right track towards solving the crime under investigation. This piece of lite rature is an important eye-opener on the importance of understanding psychological and physiological analysis result in criminal investigation. The understanding of personalities and human behavior in general also contributes by a greater part to the overall understanding of crime. In line with this, Guay et al. (2007) argues that a personality disorder such as psychopathy, its association with violence and its usefulness is a risk factor in predicting criminal recidivism has increased its prominence in the last decade in both criminology and psychopathology (p.701). Remarkably, these authors argue that the understanding of personality disorders plays a critical role towards a thoughtful approach in gathering information that would assist in criminal investigation. Therefore they argue that the factors of psychopathy as one of the personality disorders which were identified were vital in predicting sexual coercion against women (p.709). Therefore, before launching any criminal investigative activity, the law enforcement officers have to examine whether there are psychological issues which were involved in that case. Apart fr om helping them to understand the issues which resulted to the crime, understanding psychological could also assist in speeding up the investigation process as well as laying down important strategies towards preventing further crime in future. Notably, it is the responsibility of law enforcement agencies not only to investigate crime but also to lay down structures to prevent an occurrence of the same. Another source which would play an important role in this research regards some of the weaknesses which have been identified in using psychological and physiological analysis in criminal investigation. In line with this, there are some of the methods which were not ascertained as it concerns their reliability in criminal investigation processes. According to Snook et al. (2008), the police department around the world has been using Criminal Profiling as one of their strategies in criminal investigation (p.1257). Notably, this refers to the collecting of important data from the crime scene and then building a profile of the perceived criminal. Snook et al. argues that there is no scientific evidence to ascertain that Criminal Profiling as a method in crime investigation is credible. Therefore, such an understanding is important as it helps the criminal investigation officers to develop an open mind when conducting investigation using this method. Consequently, this source plays a sign ificant role in this research in the sense that it helps in identifying flaws and weaknesses in the psychological and physiological analysis methods as they are used in criminal investigation. The ability to classify criminals based on psychological and physiological analysis by the law enforcement agencies is an appropriate strategy in solving crime puzzles in the society. As a result of this, Swogger Kosson (2007) argues that psychopathy is an important construct in offender classifications (p.953). In consistent with this, it is important to note that there is a difference between crime offenders in the society. Therefore, criminal investigation agencies need to classify these crime offenders in different categories to make it possible to differentiate the type of crimes committed and associate them with the right offenders. Therefore, one of the ways of classifying these offenders is through the use of psychological and physiological analysis. For instance, from the results which were obtained by Swogger Kosson (2007) in their research, classifying psychopaths as either primary or secondary psychopaths was an important steps in differentiating one group from the othe r in the sense that the former group exhibited more violent behavior than the latter (p.357). Therefore, such classification of crime offenders created an opportunity for crime investigators to identifying from the onset the kind of criminals they were dealing with. Methodology   This research was based on an analysis of scholarly materials which had carried out extensive research and analysis of data on the topic of discussion. These sources were deemed credible as a result of their recent publication which indicated their ability to carry out extensive research using current scientific research methods. Additionally, the information which was utilized was based on credible data which was collected from different geographical areas across the globe, with the interest of crime, psychological and physiological analysis in mind. In addition, most of the authors of these sources were researchers and academic staff based in different renowned academic institutions across the globe. In addition to collecting important information and data from these scholarly materials, this research also worked with some of the real life case studies which were based on psychological and physiological analysis in crime investigation. These were combined with the information and data from the scholarly articles and analyzed with the trendiest scientific methods which are currently used in research. Recommendations were also made to further the research in areas which were insufficiently covered by these sources. Therefore, this research paper would play an important role in forming the foundation for further research on the subject of psychological and physiological analysis as it is used in criminal investigation. Research Findings and Discussion The understanding of the psychological and physiological analysis in crime investigations is and would always be an important strategy towards dealing with criminal issues in the society. In line with this, this research on physiological and psychological analysis as is applied to investigating crime is among the studies which have been carried in the field of criminology. It has been argued that forensic psychology has been around as early as the 20th century (Polis?ensk, 2007). This has been developed further by research in this field with more focus on the psychological side as compared to the physiological side.   There are others scholars and researchers who have argued that some methods of psychological analysis in detection of certain aspects of crime were in use as early as 19th century. Irrespective of this developing history of physiological and psychological analysis as is used in criminal investigations, this shall not be the center of focus in this paper. Instead, the research findings would dwell on how physiological and psychological analysis is implemented into investigations, its importance in investigation and the pros and cons of using this method in criminal investigation processes. Implementation of Psychological/Physiological Analysis into Investigations There are various psychological and physiological analyses which are utilized in criminal investigation. To begin with, the Concealed Information Test to ascertain whether a person is telling a lie or the truth is one of the psychological analyses which are use in crime investigations. In reference to Meijer, Vershuere Merckelback (2010), lie detection procedures are typically aimed at determining whether a suspect is lying about a crime committed in the past (p.44). This method of lie detection examined the physiological and psychological response which was provided by the suspects. Therefore, certain aspects are observed in these cases to which would then lead to a conclusion on whether the suspect is lying or not. This technique of truth/lie detection requires the law enforcement officers to use hi-tech strategies in determining the credibility of the information which was provided by a suspect. Remarkably, skin conductance was measured in as part of the physiological measures an d the data acquired using Contact Precision Instruments bioamplifiers with a sample rate of 60 Hz (Meijer, Vershuere Merckelback, 2000, p.45). According to Meijer, Vershuere Merckelback (2010), some of the issues which were observed in the lie detection tests entail how the suspect responds to questions which were related to the crime. Notably, in a test which was carried out, some suspects responded with a calculated move in a way to avoid putting themselves in a position which could result to a conclusion being made regarding their involvement in the crime. It was observed that consistent stronger physiological responding to the correct answer options indicated knowledge of intimate crime details, from which involvements in the crime could be inferred (p.44). Therefore these suspects were either put on further investigation or were opened charges to answer, depending on the level of being suspected as the culprits. The second method which is used in detecting the truth/lies was referred to as Behavior Analysis Interview. This method encompassed evoking different verbal and non-verbal responses from liars and truth-tellers (Vrij, Mann Fisher, 2006, p.329). In the research which was carried out using the BAI test, both liars and truth-tellers were helpful in the investigations which were being carried out. In other words liars and truth-tellers contributed to the investigation process, against the backdrop that liars were not helpful. Vrij, Mann Fisher (2006) states that one reason why cues to deceit emerge because liars experienced more cognitive load than truth-tellers (p.343). Remarkably, it was noted that the greater the difference between physiological and verbal responses of truth-tellers and liars, the easier it was to discriminate between them. Another method which is used in crime investigation based on the psychological and physiological analysis is Criminal Profiling, CP. In reference to Snook et al. (2008), Criminal Profiling is the practice of predicting a criminal’s behavioral, personality and demographic characteristics using crime scene evidence (p.1257). Piercing up together the profile of a suspected criminal is done in a three stage process. To begin with, the police have to collect data from a crime scene such as detective reports, autopsy and photographs. These are then taken to a profiler who predicts the behavioral, personality and the behavioral characteristics of the possible criminal. After this, the results are taken to the investigating officers to track down the criminal. It is important to note that accurate profiling requires a deep understanding of human behavior or a capacity for logical reasoning –skills typically found among psychologists and science students (Kocsis, 2004, p.343). Therefore, the effective use of this method in criminal investigation requires criminal investigation professionals to possess psychological skills and a deep understanding of human behavior and personalities. In line with this, the application of these methods in criminal investigations has contributed enormously to solving of important crime cases in the society. On the other hand, the criminal investigation agencies could also approach the issue of solving crime from the community perspective. Notably, most crime offenders live in the community or rather society with people. In some cases, these offenders are known by the society in which they live in. Therefore, the community approach involves using societal psychological and physiological analysis to acquire information which could be used to arrest these offenders. In the study of social psychology of cooperation, it was found out that legitimacy shaped willingness to help the police and willingness to work with the community, whose influence of legitimacy was similar among both majority and minority respondents (Tyler Fagan, 2008, p.250). In other words, legitimacy was one of the factors which contributed to the community assisting the police in fighting crime in the society. Importance of Psychological/Physiological Analysis’ in Investigation The use of psychological/physiological analysis in investigation is vital in investigation of key crime cases in the society. To begin with, it is important to understand that crime has continued to be a threat to the harmonious existence of the society. In consistent with this, one cannot ignore the place of psychological and physiological analysis as is used in crime investigation. In relation to this, psychological and physiological analysis continue to play a critical part in the understanding the relationship between human behavior and crime. Above and beyond, human behavior could either assist in acquiring important information and data during the investigation process while on the other hand; it may serve as a stumbling block to the acquisition of this information. Therefore, for crime investigation officers to be able to probe crime activities in the society, they need to have an understanding of psychological and physiological perspective of human beings. Psychological and physiological analysis played a significant role in separating criminal suspects from the innocent people in the society. Notably, one cannot be able to solve a crime issue without first identifying key suspects in this crime and working out on getting the actual culprits. Therefore, this analysis was vital in separating these two groups of people; letting the innocent to go free while filing charges against the crime offenders. This is particularly important when the crime offenders were not found on the scene of crime, thus complicating the issues of solving such a crime. In consistent with this, the use of strategies such as Concealed Information Test and Behavior Analysis Interview remain as important approaches towards solving these crimes (Vrij, Mann Fisher, 2006). Notably, from the case studies which were analyzed in the past researches, it was revealed that liars were more likely to go free due to their ability to focus on giving out answers to investigatio n questions which could not link them to the crime committed. According to Meijer, Vershuere Merckelback (2010), the linear trend in Concealed Information Test detection efficiency between the informed innocent, intent, and guilty condition was marginally significant (p.46). Apart from investigating crime, the use of psychological and physiological analysis in criminal investigation could also go a long way in reducing further crime in the society. For instance, the analysis of psychopaths in the society was an important strategy towards gathering data and information which could help criminal investigation officers to develop mechanisms of dealing with such kind of people in the society before they commit crime. It is important to understand that there are psychological issues which contribute to one committing a crime. Therefore, further crimes could be prevented if these psychological issues are identified and applied in deterring further criminal activities. Hanson Morton-Bourgon (2009) argue that there is a need to develop actuarial tools which would consider variables associated with recidivism and incorporate them into psychometrically sound measures of psychologically meaningful constructs (p.10). This will assist in accurate identification of i mportant factors which contribute to recidivism among offenders in the society. Pros and Cons of Physiological/Psychological Analysis in Criminal Investigation There are pros and cons which were identified in this research in regard to using psychological or physiological analysis in criminal investigation. To begin with, looking at the positive side of psychological and physiological analysis as is used in crime investigation, it was found out that the study of behavior in the investigation of crime was among the most consistent ways of dealing with crime in the society. Notably, one of the advantages of this method of crime investigation is embedded in the fact that it does not provide ways of nabbing criminals alone but also provides ways of preventing further criminal activities in future. Another advantage of this process of crime investigation is coined in the fact that this methods does not focus only on one person but rather on a group of people in crime investigation. As a result of this, the data and information obtained in regard to certain type of crime offenders could easily be analyzed and grouped, thus enabling the criminal investigation agencies to use such information in investigating further similar crimes. For instance, grouping people as psychopaths could easily help criminal investigation agencies to develop appropriate strategies of dealing with crimes committed by such people. According to Guay et al. (2007), there are two subtypes of psychopaths which have been identified so far namely; primary and secondary psychopathy (p.711). These groups exhibit different characteristics and such an understanding among the law enforcement professionals would a long way in enhancing criminal investigation processes. One of the challenges of using psychological and physiological analysis in carrying out criminal investigation activities is based on the fact that the law enforcement agencies need to have deep knowledge and understanding of human behavior and psychology in order to be able to use this method. However, research indicates that there are very few people in the law enforcement agencies who have these skills. According to Kocsis (2004), the science students surpassed all of the police groups, and there was a negative correlation between investigative experience and profiling accuracy (p.344). Stated in other words, these criminal investigation professional were supposed to develop important skills such as profiling by acquiring knowledge on human behavior. Without such information, these professionals would not be able to deal with crimes using this analysis in an effective way. On the other hand, some of the methods which are used by criminal investigation agencies across the globe hav e received minimal attention from the research. This has crippled the acquisition of information to determine whether the results which are obtained using these methods are dependable. Conclusion Criminal investigation remains as one of the most important step towards solving crime puzzles in the society. To begin with, there are different ways through which physiological and psychological analysis is applied to criminal investigation. Notably, this approach to investigation utilizes the psychological and the physiological aspects of human beings to solve challenging criminal issues in the society. As a result of this, this research found out that acquiring skills and knowledge in human behavior played important roles toward understanding the relationship between crime and the psychological aspects of human beings. In consistent with, some of the methods which were identified in this approach to criminal investigation relates to Concealed Information Test and Behavior Analysis Interviews. These methods played a vital role in collecting information which was supposed to assist criminal investigation officers to determine whether one was involved in crime or not by analyzing whether they were telling the truth or lies. Notably, it was found out that those people who told lies were more composed when answering investigation questions as compared to those people who told the truth. On the other hand, this research found out that both liars and truth-tellers were equally important in the investigation process. In combination with this, psychological and physiological analysis in criminal investigation played an important role in separating crime offenders from the innocent people in the society. This research found out that there were difficult cases in the criminal world which required criminal investigation officers to gather a pool of suspects and then eliminate them one by one until they found the culprit. Therefore, the use of psychological and physiological analysis assisted these officers in separating these two kinds of people in the society. There were also pro and cons of using this methods in investigation of crime which were identified. In line with this, this approach created an environment not only of solving crime puzzles but also of creating deterrence measures of crime in the society. On the contrary, lack of adequate research remained as one of the negative issues which were associated with this approach. As such some of the approached which were used could not be ascerta ined whether they were effective or not. Recommendation To begin with, there is a need to enhance psychological and physiological analysis as is applied to criminal investigations. Note that there has been a focus more on psychiatry and other medical-related psychological issues in this field as compared to criminology. Therefore, the criminal investigation agencies need to develop extensively their use of psychological and physiological analysis and approach to criminal investigation. Outstandingly, this would go a long way towards enlightening more criminal investigation professionals in regard to using this approach in criminal investigation. Secondly, there is need to train professionals in criminal investigation department to expand their knowledge on the use of psychological and physiological analysis as it is used in investigating crime. Notably, most police officers had limited knowledge and skills in psychological and physiological analysis as it is used in investigation practices. It is important to understand that some of the psychological and physiological analysis approaches to criminal investigation were delicate and needed critical understanding on how to apply them in real life. For instance, Criminal Profiling needed a deep understanding not only on human behavior but also on the interpretation of certain factors in the society as they relate to human behavior. There is also a need to develop academic institution which will cater exclusively for criminal investigation officers in terms of training them in regard to psychological and physiological analysis approach to criminal investigation. Notably, research indicates that irrespective of the fact that there are numerous institutions which deal with criminal investigation across the globe, little has been done to develop academic institutions to deal with the same. Furthermore, adequate research should be conducted in this area to ascertain the credibility of some of the methods which are applied in psychological and physiological analysis as is applied in criminal investigation. For instance, some of the approaches which were used under psychological and physiological analysis as is applied to criminal investigation could not be ascertained whether they were credible or not. In addition to adequate research it is also important to increase the support towards research and studies in this a rea of criminal investigation. Polis?ensk (2007) argues that one of the weaknesses which have been identified in some area of psychological analysis such as forensic psychology is limited opportunities due to lack of institutional support. References Guay et al. (2007). A Taxometric Analysis of the Latent Structure of Psychopathy: Evidence for Dimensionality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 116(4), 701-716. Hanson, K.R. Morton-Bourgon, K.E. (2009). The Accuracy of Recidivism Risk Assessemnt for Sexual Offenders: A Meta-Analysis of 118 Prediction Studies. Psychological Assessment, 21(1), 1-21. Kocsis, R.N. (2004). Psychological Profiling of Serial Arson Offenses: An Assessment of Skills and Accuracy. Criminal Justice Behavior, 31(3), 341-361. Meijer, E.H., Vershuere, B. Merckelback, H. (2010). Detecting Criminal Intent with the Concealed Information Test. The Open Criminology Journal, 3, 44-47. Polis?ensk, V.A. (2007). Forensic Psychology in the Czech Republic. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 4(1), 55-67. Snook et al. (2008).The Criminal Profiling Illusion: What’s Behind the Smoke and Mirrors? Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35(10), 1257-1276. Swogger, M.T. Kosson, D.S. (2007). Identifying Subtypes of Criminal Psychopaths: A Replication and Extension. Criminal Justice Behavior, 34(8), 953-970. Tyler, T.R. Fagan, J. (2008). Why do People Help the Police Fight crime in their Communities? Ohio States Journal of Criminal Law, 6(231), p.231-275. Vrij, A., Mann, S., Fisher, R.P. (2006). An Empirical Test of the Behavior Analysis Interview. Law and Human Behavior, 30(3), 329-345.

Identify a current health industry practice. Discuss applicable laws Term Paper

Identify a current health industry practice. Discuss applicable laws and implications for health care leaders. Identify the role - Term Paper Example Implications for healthcare leaders are discussed. Current Healthcare Industry Practice How to develop and maintain effective relationships between physicians and pharmaceutical companies have long been an issue of the principal public concern. Pharmaceutical companies are believed to produce heavy impacts on how health care services are provided. For a long time, visiting physicians and informing them about new products and medical devices had been a conventional practice within the healthcare industry, leading to numerous conflicts of interests which, in their turn, bore significant consequences on the quality of medical care. Future leaders must be (a) aware of the conflicts of interests, to which the discussed healthcare industry practices lead, and (b) promote collaboration and cooperation between physicians and pharmaceutical manufacturers, in order to encourage and sustain the atmosphere of progress and innovation in healthcare. Commercialization has already become the definit ive feature of development and evolution in health care, producing multiple heavy impacts on the quality and efficiency of practices within the healthcare industry. The relationships between pharmaceutical companies and physicians have long been an issue of key public concern.